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Kerberos uses a two-part process that leverages a ticket granting service or key distribution center.Īnother main difference is whether passwords are hashed or encrypted. NTLM relies on a three-way handshake between the client and server to authenticate a user. The main difference between NTLM and Kerberos is in how the two protocols manage authentication. It replaced NTLM as the default/standard authentication tool on Windows 2000 and later releases. Like NTLM, Kerberos is an authentication protocol. The Difference Between NTLM and Kerberos? If these two pieces match, then the user is authenticated and access is granted.

The DC then compares the encrypted challenge and client response.The DC retrieves the user’s password from the database and uses it to encrypt the challenge.The server then sends the challenge, response and username to the domain controller (DC).

In response, the client sends the challenge encrypted by the hash of the user’s password.

The server replies to the client with a challenge, which is a 16-byte random number.

The client passes a plain text version of the username to the relevant server.

The client develops a scrambled version of the password - or hash - and deletes the full password.

The user shares their username, password and domain name with the client.

NTLM authentication typically follows the following step-by-step process: NTLM authenticates users through a challenge-response mechanism. While NTLM is still supported by Microsoft, it has been replaced by Kerberos as the default authentication protocol in Windows 2000 and subsequent Active Directory (AD) domains. At its core, NTLM is a single sign on (SSO) tool that relies on a challenge-response protocol to confirm the user without requiring them to submit a password.ĭespite known vulnerabilities, NTLM remains widely deployed even on new systems in order to maintain compatibility with legacy clients and servers.

Windows New Technology LAN Manager (NTLM) is a suite of security protocols offered by Microsoft to authenticate users’ identity and protect the integrity and confidentiality of their activity.